Cd、Pb处理对银杏种子萌发的影响

以重金属Cd和Pb为试验胁迫因子，采用沙培方法研究了银杏种子经重金属处理后发芽及萌发生理的变化，结果表明：（1）低浓度Cd对银杏种子的发芽有促进作用，高浓度cd则表现为抑制作用。Pb不同浓度处理对银杏种子的萌发均表现为抑制作用，浓度越高其抑制作用越显著。（2）种子不同萌发阶段，重金属对银杏的蛋白质代谢和氨基酸代谢有着明显的影响作用，种子萌发初期表现为促进作用，但随着种子萌发的进行，高浓度重金属对银杏种子生理代谢可能产生了抑制效应，重金属对银杏萌发代谢的影响机理有待进一步的研究。     

夏玉米施氮量对后茬冬小麦土壤氮素供应与利用的影响

在冬小麦施氮144 kg/hm2的基础上,研究了夏玉米4个施氮量(0,90,180,270和360 kg/hm2)对后茬冬小麦生长期间土壤硝态氮含量变化、无机氮供应以及小麦氮素吸收与利用的影响。结果表明:与玉米不施氮(简称不施氮)相比,玉米施氮(简称施氮)0~200 cm土壤硝态氮含量在冬小麦生长期间显著增加,自冬小麦拔节起,0~40,0~130和0~200 cm 3层深的土壤硝态氮含量均随着玉米施氮量(简称施氮量)的增加而明显递增;与冬小麦播种时相比,不施氮0~130 cm土壤无机氮减少156 kg/hm2,施氮90 kg/hm2该层土壤无机氮富积41 kg/hm2,且富积量随着施氮量继续增加而递增;随着施氮量增加,冬小麦收获时的植株吸氮量和子粒氮素积累量均增加;当施氮量低于180 kg/hm2时,植物氮素积累量在不同施氮量之间无显著差异;当施氮量低于270 kg/hm2时,不同施氮量的子粒氮素积累量差异不明显。在本试验条件下,冬小麦子粒氮肥利用率随着施氮量增加而递增,但差异不显著。     

三黄占2号稻瘟病抗性与稻米直链淀粉含量的关系研究

以高抗稻瘟病、直链淀粉含量（AC）较高的三黄占2号和高感稻瘟病、AC较低的丽江新团黑谷衍生的重组自交系群体为研究材料，从性状的相关性和控制两性状的基因在染色体上的位置关系剖析稻瘟病抗性和稻米AC的内在关系。结果表明，两性状间没有显著的相关性。3个与AC相关的QTL分别被定位在第5、6和7染色体上，其加性效应均来自丽江新团黑谷，起降低AC的作用。比较这些QTL与先前对同一群体鉴定的稻瘟病抗性基因（主效基因和QTL）在染色体上的位置，表明控制这两性状的基因上没有紧密连锁关系, 亦没有显著的基因间互作。据此认为，通过亲本的合理选择和分子标记辅助选择可以把三黄占2号稻瘟病持久抗性与理想AC整合到同一品系中，育成优质、抗病的优良品种。     

马铃薯损伤诱导型启动子Wun1基因的克隆及其GFP表达活性

通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR),以马铃薯基因组DNA为模板,根据已报道Wun1序列设计了一对特异引物,在优化的PCR反应条件下扩增出了Wun1基因片段,通过序列分析与文献报道的碱基序列有96.86%的同源性,该基因已登录到GenBank(No.AY803296)。以pBIPG(携带GFP基因)的质粒DNA为模板,通过PCR技术亚克隆到了源自水母(Aequorea)大小为756bp的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因,与已知序列同源率为100%。利用GFP基因作为报告基因,构建了用于比较鉴定所克隆启动子活性的pBIG(35S-GFP)和pBIWG(Wun1-GFP)两个植物表达载体,采用基因枪法进行对洋葱表皮细胞的遗传转化,检测Wun1启动子在受体细胞中调控基因表达的活性,结果表明克隆到的Wun1启动子活性强于组成型表达的35S启动子,GFP瞬时表达的分析方法也让我们有效的筛选到用于进行马铃薯抗病育种的调控元件。     

燕麦愈伤组织诱导和分化再生影响因素的研究

以燕麦3个品种(系)幼胚、幼穗为材料,通过组织培养方法,研究了基因型、培养基、外植体对愈伤组织诱导、继代和分化再生的影响。结果表明,对愈伤组织的诱导,基因型和培养基起重要作用,对幼胚作用极显著,对幼穗作用显著;外植体不同也影响愈伤组织形成,随培养基成分改变而变化,且幼穗较幼胚更易培养;2,4-D浓度影响愈伤组织生长和胚性愈伤组织形成,3 mg/L 2,4-D有利于愈伤生长,促进胚性愈伤形成;草莜一号幼穗愈伤组织有很强的继代能力,继代培养330 d仍具有46.58%的分化率,该材料在组织培养和基因工程研究中具有很大潜力。     

利用双杂合位点标记资料构建芒果遗传图谱

为了建立芒果 (MangiferaindicaL )的分子标记遗传图 ,用 15对AFLP (AmplifiedFragmentLengthPolymorphism)引物组合扩增了芒果品种间杂交组合 (Keitt×Tommy Atkins)的 6 0个F1单株 ,获得了 191个多态性位点。它们的分离表现为双杂合 (Aa×Aa)和测交 (Aa×aa)分离两种类型 ,但前者占了 5 9 7%。为了充分利用双杂合位点分离所提供的遗传信息 ,我们根据群体中任意两个双杂合位点隐性个体出现的数目 ,利用二项式分布概率理论推断它们是否连锁以及它们彼此间的相引或相斥关系。在该芒果群体呈 3:1分离的 81个多态性标记中 ,39个被分为 14组 ,以此为基础构建了 15个连锁群 ;这些连锁群共覆盖了 35 4 1cM的芒果基因组。其中 ,最小与最大遗传距离分别为 3 7cM和 2 8 9cM。此外 ,对 18个 1∶1分离类型的标记 ,直接利用Mapmaker作图软件构建了两个芒果连锁群。本文对所提出的利用双杂合位点构建果树遗传图谱的策略进行了讨论。     

四棱豆优良品种的引种和良种选育研究

1998～ 1999年 ,在四川南充市对 15份四棱豆材料进行了引种和良种选育试验。选出了适合四川南充地区栽培的 4个优良品种 ,其中 96 - 13具早熟、高产、抗病特性 ;K0 0 0 9和K0 0 10具高产、抗病特性 ;96 - 14 - 1具矮生直立、抗病特性。     

小菜蛾对杀螟丹抗性相关序列的代表性差异分析

采用代表性差异分析方法，以小菜峨的敏感品系作为驱赶扩增子，抗杀螟丹近等基因系作为检测扩增子，通过3轮消减杂交得到大小为150—300bp的差异片段，经亚克隆测序并与GenBank等数据库同源比较，发现其中一个亚克隆序列与P450基因有部分同源性，其余亚克隆与已知基因序列的同源性较低，判断这些序列可能是新基因的片段。     

Accumulation of soluble phenolic compounds in sunflower capitula correlates with resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Disease symptoms and total soluble phenolics content have been analysed in four sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)lines with different resistance levels(from highly susceptible to resistant) to head rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. At the beginning of the flowering stage, capitula were inoculated by spraying with a water suspension of ascospores, and disease symptoms were evaluated from day 6 to day14 after inoculation. The most susceptible genotypes showed all their ovaries to be necrosed and abundant lesions in corollas, bracts and receptacle. In the resistant line, the ovary and corolla were only partially necrosed with no symptoms in the bracts or the receptacle. Total soluble phenolics were extracted and quantified from different parts of the capitulum in both inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The amount of phenolic compounds depended on the sunflower line, the time after inoculation, and the tissue. Higher constitutive and induced phenolic content as well as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity were present in the most resistant line, these differences correlated with the absence/presence of disease symptoms. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inheritance of high palmitic acid content in the sunflower mutant CAS-12 and its relationship with high oleic content

CAS‐12 is a sunflower mutant with increased levels of palmitic (C16: 0 = 30%) and oleic (C18: 1 = 55%) acids in its seed oil, hence it has a reduced linoleic acid content (C18: 2 < 5%). This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of high C16: 0 content and its relationship with high C18: 1 content in CAS‐12. Reciprocal crosses involving CAS‐12, CAS‐5 (high C16: 0 content), HAOL‐9 (high C18: 1 content) and HA‐89 (standard fatty acid profile) were made. The F₁, F₂ and BC₁F₁ generations were obtained. The genetic control of the high C16: 0 trait in CAS‐12 was partially recessive and gametophytic. In all cases, this character segregated in the ratio 19: 38: 7 (low: intermediate: high C16: 0 content) in the F₂ generation. These results, together with the lack of segregation for C16: 0 content in crosses between CAS‐12 and CAS‐5, indicated that the genetic control of the high C16: 0 trait in CAS‐12 was similar to that in CAS‐5 in being controlled by partially recessive alleles (p1, p2, and p3) at three loci. Crosses between HA‐89 and CAS‐12, and HAOL‐9 and CAS‐5 (segregating for C16: 0 and C18: 1) demonstrated that the high C16: 0 and the high C18: 1 traits were independently inherited. However, C18: 1 segregation in these crosses exhibited reversal of dominance. Apparently, the low C18: 1 parental lines carried modifier genes causing the deviation.